Object-Oriented Database Management Systems Essay

Object-Oriented Database Management Systems The construction of Object-Oriented Database Management Systems started in the middle 80s, at a prototype building level, and at the beginning of the 90s the first commercial systems appeared. The interest for the development of such systems stems from the need to cover the modeling deficiencies of their predecessors, that is the relational database management systems. They were intended to be used by applications that have to handle big and complex data such as Computer Aided Engineering, Computer Aided Design, and Office Information Systems. The area of the OODBMSs is characterized by three things. First, it lacks a common data model. There is no common data model although many†¦show more content†¦These should also be used as the set of features that one has to check in order to find out if a system is really an OODBMS. The features of the OODBMS can be divided as follows: †¢ mandatory features: these are the features that one system should have in order to deserve the title OODBMS. †¢ optional features: these are the features that if one system has, should be considered better than another that does not have them, provided that both have all the mandatory features. †¢ open choices: these are features that a designer of a system can choose if and how to implement. They represent the degrees of freedom left to the system designers. An OODBMS should be a database management system and at the same time an object oriented system. The first characteristic is translated to the following features: persistence, concurrency, recovery, secondary storage management, and ad hoc query mechanisms. The second characteristic is translated to the following: composite objects, object-identity, encapsulation, inheritance overriding and late binding, extensibility, and computational completeness of the database language used. Composite objects can be built recursively from simpler ones by applying constructors to them. These simpler objects can beShow MoreRelated Relational and Object-oriented Database Management Systems Essay2156 Words   |  9 PagesRelational and Object-oriented Database Management Systems A database is a â€Å"shared collection of logically related data designed to meet the information needs of multiple users in an organization† (Hoffer 709). Databases contain data records or files, such as sales transactions, product catalogs and inventories, and customer profiles. Databases allows multiple users in an organization to easily access, manage, store, and update data when needed. A database management system is software designedRead MoreTradeoffs Between Relational and Object-Oriented Database Management Systems1149 Words   |  5 Pagestradeoffs between relational and object-oriented database management systems 1) Stating Position The object oriented DBMS is superior to the relational database on some specific counts, primarily because it can satisfy the complex demands of the market today better than the any other. Secondly while the relational data base stores data as tables, the object model stores data as objects and creates associations. This can create a multiple set of attributes for each object such that the data base is moreRead MoreInformation Storage And Management System1373 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology, information storage and management have been vital of importance. Information effectiveness and efficiency are determined by how well data is organised and processed. The term ‘data’ have been widely employed in different human activities, including science, business, education, law and the like. Here, data is a means for representation of facts, concepts, and instructions in order to communicate (Sumathi Esakkirajan 2007). Nevertheless, if data management is ineffective, and rele vant informationRead MoreElectronic Healthcare Information Systems Analysis1348 Words   |  6 PagesDatabases, Electronic Healthcare Information Systems, Data Sets and Data Standards Patient data is crucial to healthcare practice. Having the ability to create, modify, delete, and view patient data is the most important aspect of healthcare. A vital storage mechanism to perform the above functions is a database. A database is essential in development of Electronic Health Record system A database is an organized collection of data saved as a binary-type file on a computer (Sayles, 2013). Binary-typeRead MoreHci / 520 Data Management1058 Words   |  5 PagesHCI/520 Data Management Design November 3, 2014 Professor Carl Moore What Are Systems? A system is an organized structure that has inputs and outputs that carry out a specific activity. A system is a group of components that makes up a complex functioning unit. When an element changes, the system will stop functioning right. Once the system has been defined by jurisdiction, budget, coverage requirements and user needs, the next step is to design the system using components and systems that are obtainableRead MoreCommon Components Of Digital Database Management Applications1022 Words   |  5 Pages A DBMS can also provide many perspectives of a single database schema. A perspective characterizes what information the client sees and how that client sees the information. The DBMS gives a level of reflection between the reasonable diagram which characterizes the legitimate structure of the database and the physical construction that portrays the records, files and other physical instruments utilized by the database. At the point when a DBMS is utilized, frameworks can be adjusted all the moreRead MoreTechnology Changes Role of Database Administrator1195 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology Changes Role of Database Administrator The database administrator (DBA) is responsible for managing and coordinating all database activities. The DBAs job description includes database design, user coordination, backup, recovery, overall performance, and database security. The database administrator plays a crucial role in managing data for the employer. In the past the DBA job has required sharp technical skills along with management ability. (Shelly, Cashman, Waggoner 1992)Read MoreData Model: Oodbms vs. Rdbms1067 Words   |  5 Pages1 Data model: OODBMS vs. RDBMS For this coursework two kinds of data models can be used. The object oriented data model, Object Oriented Database Management System(OODBMS), or the relational data model, Relational Database Management System(RDBMS). The differences between these two models and the data model to be used are described in this chapter. 1.1 Enumeration of some specifications of OODBMS and RDBMS RDBMS have been around for more than 20 years, OODBMS are relatively new; RDBMS canRead Moreinformation system1255 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ In all information systems, data resources must be organized and structured in some logical manner, so that they can be: D. All of the choices are correct. From a logical point of view, a(n) _______________ is the smallest data element that can be observed and manipulated. A. character A record represents a collection of _______________ that describe an entity. D. attributes All the fields used to describe the attributes of an entity are grouped to form a(n) _______________Read MoreWhat is the Purpose of a Database Management System?1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to explain what a Database Management System (DBMS) is, the main principles of database design and to describe the features or characteristics of four prevalent database models. What is a DBMS? A database management system could be described as a file processing system that creates and administers data and or objects as information for the purpose of access and storage in a convenient way. Many types of programs have been written to add and extract information from

The Grand Budapest Hotel By Wes Anderson - 1409 Words

‘The Grand Budapest Hotel’ (Wes Anderson, 2014) combines a perfect mix of nostalgia and history. The film explores the themes of war as it recreates history through mise-en-scene. Anderson also incorporates other themes such as racism and elitism during pre-war Europe. The film widely explores Europe from many viewpoints, one of which is of Mr Moustafa. His nostalgia is seen through flashbacks of when he was a lobby boy that went by the name of Zero. As an audience the depth of his nostalgia is seen through mise-en-scene. With the help of cinematography and props we see can see the time and place that Moustafa acknowledges. Anderson shows how history is reimagined through ones nostalgia. Mr Moustafa recalls events, which he was not present in yet he explains them as if he were there. This also shows how one reimagines history from another due to emotions and personal attachment. Despite the outcome being the same there are many viewpoints it can be seen from. â€Å"Nostalgia is commonly thought to be a longing for times of a simpler, more straightforward approach to life and its difficulties† (Le Sueur 189). The nostalgia of Mr Moustafa is a large aspect to how the film develops. Early into the narrative the audience is introduced to the Hotel’s owner Mr Moustafa. As the plot develops it is understood that he worked as a lobby boy before the Hotel was handed over to him due to Gustave’s, his boss and friend, death. Before ‘Part One’ the audience is shown the Hotel in the yearShow MoreRelatedThe Grand Budapest Hotel By Wes Anderson1233 Words   |  5 Pagesreleased around the world. One film, not often heard of by young adults, is The Grand Budapest Hotel. Directed by Wes Anderson, this delightful film was released â€Å"March 28, 2014, in the United States of America† (IMDB). The film, collaboratively written by Wes Anderson, and Hugo Guinness, was inspired by the writings of Stefan Zweig, and pro duced by Fox Searchlight Pictures and Indian Paintbrush. The Grand Budapest Hotel, addresses the shallowness of life while delighting its audience with colorfulRead MoreThe Grand Budapest Hotel ( Wes Anderson1543 Words   |  7 Pages The Grand Budapest Hotel (Wes Anderson, 2014) is a story about story as told by a storyteller. It builds these stories around quirky visual aesthetics, so much so, that some may complain it lacks any real message or meaning. And to some extent they are right, if we are to believe its director Wes Anderson: â€Å"when I do a movie, all I want to do is make an experience that can be as strong a version of whatever it is as it can be. I don’t really like any explanations†¦.my opinion about it is reallyRead MoreThe Grand Budapest Hotel By Wes Anderson1204 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Wes Anderson’s The Grand Budapest Hotel, I was surely struck with splendid mise en scene of this movie. In this year’s Oscar ceremony, Wes Anderson’s movie, The Grand Budapest Hotel just got three awards: the best art, the best costume and the best make up. Honestly, this fact lured me into watching the movie, The Grand Budapest. Since I expected a beautiful art work through th is movie, I could easily fall into this pastel-colored movie as soon as I started watching the movie, The Grand BudapestRead MoreWes Anderson s The Grand Budapest Hotel1081 Words   |  5 Pages Wes Anderson’s The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014), is a narrative that takes the form of many stories within another. Considered a film masterpiece not only for its use of thoughtful comedy but also for the way in which the film was enhanced through the use of camera angles. â€Å"Love and death, romance and horror, comedy and tragedy duel to an elegant draw in Wes Anderson’s rich torte of a movie†, as stated by Richard Corliss from Time Magazine. The constant use of straight angles gives the film an unmistakablyRead MoreAnalysis Of Wes Anderson s The Grand Budapest Hotel 1872 Words   |  8 PagesEnglish 3.9 Texas-born director, Wes Anderson began his career in 1996, producing films with a distinctive style and techniques that are eccentric and attentive to detail. Anderson generally directs fast- paced, adventurous comedies, which involve serious elements or key ideas such as grief, ‘children are more adult than adults’, broken relationships and family issues. Geometric concepts and framing, colour schemes, quirky characters, and specific camera movements accompany and help to develop themesRead MoreWes Anderson Analysis Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesWes Anderson is an American film director and screenwriter, whose films are commonly known for their visual and distinctive narrative style. All of his films have been recognised for their extensive use of flat space camera moves, obsessively symmetrical compositions, recurring actors, snap-zooms, slow-motion walking shots, a deliberately limited color palette and hand-made art direction often utilizing miniatures. He uses al l these features to define his artistic style as an auteur. Anderson, asRead MoreCritical Thinking Of The Grand Budapest Hotel1102 Words   |  5 PagesDoug Weinriech Professor Tumminello The Art of Theatrical Cinema March 12, 2016 Critical thinking of The Grand Budapest Hotel and American Beauty The Grand Budapest Hotel is one of the most spectacular films of the 21st century. The movie is interesting and beautifully shot comedy directed by Wes Anderson. The Grand Budapest Hotel consists of a prologue, five parts, and an epilogue. The film features many successful actors, but the main story revolves around an interesting narration of Zero MoustafaRead MoreThe Grand Budapest Hotel, By F. Murray Abraham1778 Words   |  8 PagesWes Anderson has truly outdone himself with his 100 minute long masterpiece The Grand Budapest Hotel. The film, set around the 1930 s, depicts an epic adventure filled with eye-catching aesthetics, extravagant characters, deadpan humour and witty dialogue in a dollhouse-like world. The director’s precise measurements of drama, deadpan comedy and engaging narrative paired with the mesmerising voice overs of Jude Law, as The Author, and F. Murray Abraham, as the older Zero Moustafa, make for a wonderfullyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Grand Budapest Ho tel 1802 Words   |  8 Pages12/3/15 The Grand Budapest Hotel To give a proper analysis of The Grand Budapest Hotel, it is necessary to understand the several layers through which the story is told. The film begins with a monologue from the narrator (presumably in the present day) describing to the audience what it is to be a storyteller. He then proceeds to give an exact account of how he, a writer, came to meet and have dinner with an old gentleman named Zero Mustafa when he was staying at Grand Budapest during its declineRead MoreAnalysis Of The Grand Budapest Hotel 2195 Words   |  9 Pageswhose work is considered to have a distinctive style and innovative. Wes Anderson exemplifies the concept of auteurism due to his personal influence, and artistic control in his movies. His films feature a continuity of technical aspects with similar themes of familial drama and disgruntlement. From his well-composed mise en scene to classic pan shots, his style has surely become an acclaimed signature. The Grand Budapest Hotel, The Darjeeling Limited, and The Royal Tenenbaums are chosen from Anderson’s

Net Present Value/Present Value Index Free Essays

string(24) " it should be accepted\." Net Present Value/Present Value Index The management team at Savage Corporation is evaluating two alternative capital investment opportunities. The first alternative, modernizing the company’s current machinery, costs $45,000. Management estimates the modernization project will reduce annual net cash outflows by $12,500 per year for the next five years. We will write a custom essay sample on Net Present Value/Present Value Index or any similar topic only for you Order Now The second alternative, purchasing a new machine, costs $56,500. The new machine is expected to have a five-year useful life and a $4,000 salvage value. Management estimates the new machine will generate cash inflows of $15,000 per year. Savage’s cost of capital is 10%. Required a. Determine the present value of the cash flow savings expected from the modernization program. Using the data from Appendix on page 1169 of our text 15000*3. 790787 = 47,385, which should be the PV cash flow savings expected from the first option of modernization program. b. Determine the net present value of the modernization project. I believe the NPV of the 1st project is calculated by subtracting current machinery, costs $45,000 from the figure above which equals 2,385. 00 c. Determine the net present value of investing in the new machine. This is determined by valuing the future cash flows. Using the same appendix in table 2 data, annual cash flow of 15,000 * 3. 790787 =56862. 00 Salvage cost of 4,000 * . 620921 (table 3 on page 523) = 2484. 00 Total=59,346. 00 less the cost of machinery 56,500 = 2486. 00 as the NPV d. Use a present value index to determine which investment alternative will yield the higher rate of return. PI= $15,000*. 620921/56,500 = . 16 This investment is not acceptable because it has a PI of less than 1. 0 therefore the modernization project or the first alternative will have higher rate of return. Exercise 24-4A Determining the present value of an annuity The dean of the School of Social Science is trying to decide whether to purchase a copy machine to place in the lobby of the building. The machine would add to student convenience, but the dean feels compelled to earn an 8 percent return on the investment of funds. Estimates of cash inflows from copy machines that have been placed in other university buildings indicate that the copy machine would probably produce incremental cash inflows of approximately $8,000 per year. The machine is expected to have a three-year useful life with a zero salvage value. Required a. Use Present Value Table 1 in Appendix A to determine the maximum amount of cash the dean should be willing to pay for a copy machine. Years 1 – 3; where N = 1 r at 8%, N =2, r@ 8%, N = 3 r @ 8% 8000*. 925926 = 7,407. 41 8000*. 857339 = 6,858. 71 8000*. 793832 = 6,350. 66 Present Value / Ordinary Annuity = ($) 20,617. 00 Present Value / Annuity-Due = ($) 22,266 b. Use Present Value Table 2 in Appendix A to determine the maximum amount of cash the dean should be willing to pay for a copy machine. Based on table 2 in appendix a, the maximum amount of cash the Dean should be willing to pay for a copy machine is ($) 20,617. 00 c. Explain the consistency or lack of consistency in the answers to Requirements a b. The consistency in the answers are so seeing that table 2 in appendix A appears to be the sum of the PV for each of the 3 years in table 1. Exercise 24-8A Determining the internal rate of return Medina Manufacturing Company has an opportunity to purchase some technologically advanced equipment that will reduce the company’s cash outflow for operating expenses by $1,280,000 per year. The cost of the equipment is $6,186,530. 56. Medina expects it to have a 10-year useful life and a zero salvage value. The company has established an investment opportunity hurdle rate of 15 percent and uses the straight-line method for depreciation. Required a. Calculate the internal rate of return of the investment opportunity. YearExplanationCash FlowDiscount Factor 1 (hurdle rate of 15)DiscountDiscount Factor 2Cash Flow @Discount 0Cost to purchase some technologically advanced equipment(6,186,530. 56)(6,186,530. 56) 1,280,0005. 01877$6,424,0264. 6565,959,680 Net present value$$237,495($226,851) b. Indicate whether the investment opportunity should be accepted. The Internal Rate of Return appears to be higher than the established investment opportunity hurdle rate of 15 percent therefore it would be a good idea to accept this investment opportunity. Exercise 24-6A Determining net present value Travis Vintor is seeking part-time employment while he attends school. He is considering purchasing technical equipment that will enable him to start a small training services company that will offer tutorial services over the Internet. Travis expects demand for the service to grow rapidly in the first two years of operation as customers learn about the availability of the Internet assistance. Thereafter, he expects demand to stabilize. The following table presents the expected cash flows. Year of Operation Cash Inflow Cash Outflow 2006 $5,400 $3,600 2007 7,800 4,800 2008 8,400 5,040 2009 8,400 5,040 In addition to these cash flows, Mr. Vintor expects to pay $8,400 for the equipment. He also expects to pay $1,440 for a major overhaul and updating of the equipment at the end of the second year of operation. The equipment is expected to have a $600 salvage value and a four-year useful life. Mr. Vintor desires to earn a rate of return of 8 percent. Year ExplanationinflowsoutflowsNet Discount @8%Discounted 2006 beginningCost of equipment $ – $ 8,400 $ (8,400)1 $ (8,400) 2006Operational cash flows $ 5,400 $ 3,600 $ 1,800 0. 925926 $ 1,667 007Operational cash flows $ 7,800 $ 4,800 $ 3,000 0. 857339 $ 2,572 2007Major overhaul $ – $ 1,440 $ (1,440)0. 857339 $ (1,235) 2008Operational cash flows $ 8,400 $ 5,040 $ 3,360 0. 793832 $ 2,667 2009Operational cash flows $ 8,400 $ 5,040 $ 3,360 0. 73503 $ 2,470 2009Salvage value of equipment $ 600 $ – $ 600 0. 73503 $ 441 Net present value of Investment Opportunity $ 182 Required (Round computations to the nearest whole penny. ) a. Calculate the net present value of the investment opportunity. . Indicate whether the investment opportunity is expected to earn a return that is above or below the desired rate of return and whether it should be accepted. You read "Net Present Value/Present Value Index" in category "Papers" General rule with NPV is that if NPV of a prospective project is positive, it should be accepted. However, if NPV is negative it should not be accepted. The calculations, If correct present a positive NPV therefore the investment opportunity should be accepted. Problem 19-24A Assessing simultaneous changes in CVP relationships Green Shades Inc. (GSI) sells hammocks; variable costs are $75 each, and the hammocks are sold for $125 each. GSI incurs $250,000 of fixed operating expenses annually. Required a. Determine the sales volume in units and dollars required to attain a $50,000 profit. Sales = Contribution Margin per Unit = Revenues per Unit – Variable Expenses per Unit = 250,000 + 50,000/125 – 75= 6,000 in units Verify your answer by preparing an income statement using the contribution margin format. Break-even Sales Dollars = Sales Price per Unit ? Break-even Sales Units Break-even Point in Sales Dollars = 125 * 6000 = 750,000 Income Statement Green Shades Inc. As of October 17, 2012 Sales750,000 Variable Costs(450,000) Contribution Margin300, 000 Fixed Costs250,000 Net Income 50,000 b. GSI is considering implementing a quality improvement program. The program will require a $10 increase in the variable cost per unit. To inform its customers of the quality improvements, the company plans to spend an additional $20,000 for advertising. Assuming that the improvement program will increase sales to a level that is 3,000 units above the amount computed in Requirement a, should GSI proceed with plans to improve product quality? Support your answer by preparing a budgeted income statement. Income Statement Green Shades Inc. As of October 17, 2012 Sales1,125,000 Variable Costs(765,000) Contribution Margin360, 000 Fixed Costs(270,000) Net Income 90,000 The company might want to consider going forward seeing the likelihood of profitability. c. Determine the new break-even point in units and sales dollars as well as the margin of safety percentage, assuming that the quality improvement program is implemented. Fixed Costs/Contribution Margin per Unit = 270,000/ 125-85 = 6750 Break-even Sales Dollars = Sales Price per Unit ? Break-even Sales Units Break-even Point in Sales Dollars = 125 * 6750= 843,750 Margin of SafetyMeasured in UnitsMeasured in Dollars Sales @ Budged 90001125000 Break Even6750843,750 Margin2250281,250 281250/1125000 =. 25 or 25% Problem 18-17B Process cost system cost of production report At the beginning of 2004, Dozier Company had 1,800 units of product in its work in process inventory, and it started 19,200 additional units of product during the year. At the end of the year, 6,000 units of product were in the work in process inventory. The ending work in process inventory was estimated to be 50 percent complete. The cost of work in process inventory at the beginning of the period was $9,000, and $108,000 of product costs was added during the period. Required Prepare a cost of production report showing the following. a. The number of equivalent units of production. Equivalent units of production ACTUALEquivalent Beginning 1,800 Additional units of product19,200 Total21,000 Ending6,000 @50%3,000 To be transferred15,000 @100%15,000 Total21,00018,000 b. The product cost per equivalent unit. Beginning is 9,000 added to production of 108,000 to total 117,000 c. The total cost allocated between the ending Work in Process Inventory and Finished Goods Inventory accounts. 117,000/18,000 = 6. 50 cost per unit 15000*6. 50 = 97,500 finished goods 000 of equivalent units above*6. 50= 19,500 Total 117,000 Problem 15-17A Identifying cost behavior Required Identify the following costs as fixed or variable. Costs related to plane trips between San Diego, California, and Orlando, Florida, follow. Pilots are paid on a per trip basis. a. Pilots’ salaries relative to the number of trips flown. variable b. Depreciation relative to the number of planes in service. variable c. Cost of refreshments relative to the number of passengers. variable d. Pilots’ salaries relative to the number of passengers on a particular trip. ixed e. Cost of a maintenance check relative to the number of passengers on a particular trip. fixed f. Fuel costs relative to the number of trips. variable National Union Bank operates several branch offices in grocery stores. Each branch employs a supervisor and two tellers. g. Tellers’ salaries relative to the number of tellers in a particular district. variable h. Supplies cost relative to the number of transactions processed in a particular branch. variable i. Tellers’ salaries relative to the number of customers served at a particular branch. Fixed j. Supervisors’ salaries relative to the number of branches operated. Fixed k. Supervisors’ salaries relative to the number of customers served in a particular branch. Fixed l. Facility rental costs relative to the size of customer deposits. Fixed Costs related to operating a fast-food restaurant follow. m. Depreciation of equipment relative to the number of restaurants. variable n. Building rental cost relative to the number of customers served in a particular restaurant. Fixed o. Manager’s salary of a particular restaurant relative to the number of employees. Fixed p. Food cost relative to the number of customers. variable q. Utility cost relative to the number of restaurants in operation. variable r. Company president’s salary relative to the number of restaurants in operation. Fixed s. Land costs relative to the number of hamburgers sold at a particular restaurant. Fixed t. Depreciation of equipment relative to the number of customers served at a particular restaurant. fixed Exercise 15-6B Fixed versus variable cost behavior Professional Chairs Corporation produces ergonomically designed chairs favored by architects. The company normally produces and sells from 5,000 to 8,000 chairs per year. The following cost data apply to various productions activity levels. Number of Chairs5,0006,0007,0008,000 Total costs incurred Fixed$ 84,000 Variable 60,000 Total costs$144,000 Per unit chair cost Fixed$16. 80 Variable12. 00 Total cost per chair$28. 80 Required a. Complete the preceding table by filling in the missing amounts for the levels of activity shown in the first row of the table. b. Explain why the total cost per chair decreases as the number of chairs increases. Exercise 15-12B Effect of cost structure on projected profits Logan and Martin compete in the same market. The following budgeted income statements illustrate their cost structures. Income Statements Company Logan Martin Number of Customers (a) 160 160 Sales Revenue (n x $75) $12,000 $ 12,000 Variable Cost (n x $0) 12,800 Contribution Margin 12,000 (800) Fixed Cost (6,400) 0 Net Income (Loss) $ 5,600 $ (800) Required a. Assume that Logan can lure all 80 customers away from Martin by lowering its sales price to $75 per customer. Reconstruct Logan’s income statement based on 160 customers. b. Assume that Martin can lure all 80 customers away from Logan by lowering its sales price to $75 per customer. Reconstruct Martin’s income statement based on 160 customers. c. Why does the price-cutting strategy increase Logan’s profits but result in a net loss for Martin? This is so in that when sales to 160 clients at 75 (12,000), more revenue is produced as opposed to sales to a lesser amount (80 clients) at 125 (10,000). Fixed costs contributes to Logans increases in sales revenue. Exercise 16-9A Allocating overhead cost to accomplish smoothing Mimosa Corporation expects to incur indirect overhead costs of $72,000 per month and direct manufacturing costs of $11 per unit. The expected production activity for the first four months of 2007 is as follows. January February March April Estimated production in units 4,000 7,000 3,000 6,000 Required a. Calculate a predetermined overhead rate based on the number of units of product expected to be made during the first four months of the year. MonthJanuaryFebruaryMarchApriltotal Estimated production in units 400070003000600020000 72000*4/20,000=14. 40 per unit b. Allocate overhead costs to each month using the overhead rate computed in Requirement a. MonthJanFebMarchAprilTotal Rate14. 4014. 4014. 4014. 40 Base4,0007,0003,0006,000 Cost57,600100,80043,20086,400288,000 c. Calculate the total cost per unit for each month using the overhead allocated in Requirement b. MonthUnits (A)Overhead (B)Cost (A*11)TotalCost Per Unit (d/a) Jan4000576004400010160025. 40 Feb70001008007700017780025. 40 March300043200330007620025. 40 April6000864006600015240025. 40 How to cite Net Present Value/Present Value Index, Papers

Cancer Staging and Bucket List free essay sample

Knowing your death in order to make a bucket list. In this argument im going to argue that you do need to know your death date to make a efficient bucket list. Useing the book The five people you meet in heaven, and also the movie The bucket list. Im going to give prime examples and reasoning from these two in order to create this argumentive paper. In the book The five people you meet in heaven there is the main character named Eddie, Eddie is a war vet and currently works at Ruby pier. His whole like he wanted to do somthing with his life and not end up like his abusive father and work at ruby pier his wole life. Eddie woudl always tell his mother about the dreams he has for when he grows up but his father would always laugh and counter attack his thoughts. We will write a custom essay sample on Cancer Staging and Bucket List or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His dream was to be a mechanic. (? ) He met His later to be wife Marguerite (ch 1) at ruby pier. When he grew up and married marguerite after the war she wanted a baby to start there lifes (165), But Eddie was always scared to have a child. They planned on adopting one but Eddie backed out of it. So just by the few things it shows that Eddie has a hard time with going through with things like his goal in life and having a child. I think if Eddie would have made a bucket list of things to do before he died he would have had alot more funnier healthy life, because after his wife died he had nothing but the pier and thats not the way to spend your final years of your life. And becasue he did not know he was going to die at the time given he was always like well I have the next day to think of a bucket list theres no rush, Im not going anywhere. So I think it just shows for Him that he just pushed it off because his death date was a question mark, And if he would have knew a time line then I think he would have headed in the direction of Edward and Carter. For the movie The bucket list, there was the rich Edward who had every thing and then thier was carter who didnt have much but he had enough hope and love from his family. They were both hit with cancer and of course edward had done about anything you could think off so hes not the one that created the bucket list, but it was carter because he wanted the rest of his life to mean somthing and not just stay at home surrounded by people crying and not doing anything with the rest of his time left. So by knowing his death he was able to think of a bucket list of things hes wanted to do, and edward decided to do these things. If they didnt know they had the cancer or were told it woulndt kill you Id doubt they would consider doing the bucket list only because Carter would think he has more time with his family to spend because hes not going to die. And edward would have just went to being the same people who he was. So I think just by knowing you have a time line is very crucial it gives you the proper motivation to create and go through with the bucket list. And its not like carter was the only one that got somthing out of the whole thing, because of Carter edward was able to see his daughter who he hasnt seen in years before he passed away so Cater gave edward somthing to remember as well. My own personal Story to back up why it takes you to know the time line of your death to create a bucket list is about my mother. My mother was hit with lung cancer stage 4, this happened out of the blue. They told my mom and us what her time line was but there was always hope that the time line would get pushed back, I think She should have made a bucket list but on the other hand money was a problem so With Edward and Carter Edward was the reason the bucket list went through because he could support it. So really theres alot of other facters that come into the bucket list because not everything is free. But she did have one wish during christmas was to go to Clifton Mills to see all the lights and she was able to do that and even if its one thing or 5 things on the bucket list you can complete I think it changes everything. Im sure edward would have been happy to be a Mechanic for just 5 days. So my Arugment is based on knowing your death time line in order to make and go through with a bucket list, because if you dont know you always will say I have the next day and so on. Maybe you could consider your life how it went was a bucket list, Only you could be the judge.

Plagiarism in Higher Learning Essay Example

Plagiarism in Higher Learning Essay Plagiarism in Higher Learning The types of free essays available online often begin with misattributed or irrelevant quotes, such as the words of wisdom offered by astronaut Lt. Rick Astley, who warned that, We, as intelligent, sentient beasts, must devour our young before they can rise up and take control, because inside we both know whats been going on. We know the game and were gonna play it and if you ask me how Im feeling, dont tell me youre too blind to see. It is very easy to catch students who resort to sing free papers from the internet because those essays are often of low quality and are easily searchable through search engines like Google and by using more sophisticated software like Turnitin. With outcomes like wasted time, money, and ruined opportunities for education, the consequences of academic dishonesty far outweigh the few meager benefits. Consider this example: If you spent a lot of effort on writing an essay, would you make it available online for free? Of course you wouldnt. And would you c heck essays for plagiarism if you find such? Sure, you would. You would want some sort of compensation for your intelligence and hard work. So why would you expect a free paper to be worth using? In the end, the amount of time you spend finding a relevant free paper online is probably less than you would use in actually doing the work yourself. Additionally, you wont learn anything by cheating and using an essay from the internet, so youre wasting your own time and money (when considering tuition). So what happens when someone lies and says that an essay is their work, but is actually from some shitty website? We will write a custom essay sample on Plagiarism in Higher Learning specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Plagiarism in Higher Learning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Plagiarism in Higher Learning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Well, teachers and faculty members who read ssays for a living are easily able to discern whether the student in their class produced the writing. These teachers then use their available resources, such as simple search engines and the above mentioned software to determine with absolute certainty that the student has obtained a pre-written paper from an outside source. Penalties for plagiarism vary from school to school, but punishments usually include failing the class (not Just the assignment), revocation of any funding (such as scholarships or stipends), and expulsion. So a student who chooses to cheat instead of doing the work themselves not only wastes their own time and money, they will likely also end up living back at their moms house and working at McDonalds. It is almost certain that the average plagiarist will become addicted to huffing glue and will never enjoy sexual intercourse again. Please remember that Wikipedia is basically a heap of digital garbage that will rarely teach you anything accurate. Using Wikipedia for research is the equivalent of licking a bicycle seat and claiming to have lost ones virginity. Within academia, plagiarism by students, professors, or researchers is considered academic dishonesty or academic fraud, and offenders are subject to academic censure, up to and including expulsion. In summation, students should make at least a minimal effort and their work will far outshine any of the free essays available online. These sites appear to be run by frustrated, illiterate pedophiles and only offer the student a quick route to getting kicked out of school and blowing the chances they had at being successful, intelligent, and happy.

How Oil Prices Affect Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

How Oil Prices Affect Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Every country needs some oil to run its errands, but the oil producing nations (OPEC nations) are few in number. From an economic point of view, whenever the suppliers are few, they tend to manipulate the prices of their products. Essentially, OPEC nations agree on the amount of oil to produce and the prices of selling the oil. OPEC nations discuss the target markets, and they dictate the distributing channels for their own good.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How Oil Prices Affect Gross Domestic Product (GDP) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a span of one month, oil prices can raise considerably, but since oil has no substitute, the demand for oil remains inelastic. Indeed, oil prices affect nations’ GDPs in one way or another. This paper will give a clear outlay of the effect of oil prices on the various variables in the GDP equation using clear illustrations and graphs. The gross domestic produ ct (GDP) presents the market value of the economic activities within a nation. The GPD sums all the amounts of monies spent in a nation. The four factors that measure the GPD include the consumption levels of the consumers, investment levels of businesses (amount businesses spend on purchasing goods and services), the government spending, and the net exports. In this case, the net exports amount is the difference between the exports and imports. Oil prices have an indirect effect on each factor of the GDP equation, which in turn affects the nation’s GDP levels (Maeda 112). GDP = C +I +G+X Where C is the total consumption of the consumers, I is the investment levels of the businesses,Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More G is the federal, state and government spending, and X is the net exports (exports minus imports). Oil prices and their effects on the t otal consumption of consumers Consumption is directly proportional to the income levels of a household because people can only spend the amount of money that they earn. However, not all the money is spent; earners have to pay income taxes to the government, and some households save some of their income. Whenever the oil prices are high, businesses tend to increase the prices of their products to cater for the rise in the production costs (Pinno and Serletis 202). This factor decreases the consumers’ spending powers, and consumers tend to buy few items. Essentially, some consumers would decide to save their money rather than spend it with the hope that the prices of products would decrease in the near future. The price elasticity of demand will play a critical role in such a case, where, consumers will only purchase necessities and shy away from buying luxuries. Consumer spending forms the largest part of the GPD in most nations. Therefore, whenever the oil prices rise, they r educe the consumer spending indirectly, and consequently, the GPD reduces. In the United States, two third of the GDP comprises of consumer spending. Therefore, a decrease in consumer spending would have a significant effect on the GPD of the US (Kilian and Vigfusson 79). Oil prices and their effects on the total investments As stated before, business investment is the amount of money that businesses spend on purchasing products and services. Moreover, businesses make long-term investments through the purchase of land, fixtures, and equipments. A rise in oil prices is a shock on the supply side of the economy and it has adverse consequences on the economies of countries (Kim 140).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How Oil Prices Affect Gross Domestic Product (GDP) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Obviously, businesses will experience an increase in the variable costs, especially for manufacturing businesses that heavily depend on oil. The businesses will resolve on increasing the prices of their products to remain at the same profit margins. From an economic point of view, an increase in prices causes the demand of products to contract, and the businesses are likely to have reduced sales than before. If the oil prices continue to rise, there is a possibility of an economy to experience an inflationary effect. Essentially, the decreased sales means decreased profits; therefore, businesses will have insufficient money to invest. The amount that businesses invest contributes to about 15% of the nation’s GDP. Although the 15% contribution to the nation’s GDP is considerably small, a decrease in the total investments will decrease the nation’s GDP. Oil prices and their effects on the total government spending The government is an overseer that responds to tough economic conditions of the nation. As described, an increase in oil prices is a supply side shock that would inflate the price levels of products and deflate the real output of the economy. The government can respond by relaxing the monetary policy through decreasing the interest rates and taxes. Therefore, businesses will have their production costs somewhat reduced because of the reduced taxes. Another alternative would be increasing government spending by subsidizing the costs prices. However, the options may have adverse consequences on the general economy. Increasing the oil subsidy bill would mean that the government would have to increase its budget and this would affect the other sectors of the economy. Although upstream companies like the Oil And Natural Gas Corporation and Oil India would share a third of the subsidy burdens, the government may have to make short-term borrowings to cater for the unanticipated shock. On the other hand, decreasing interest rates and taxes would decrease the government revenues. Essentially, rise is oil prices would decrease the government spending on goods and services and increase its spending on transfer payments, which is a threat to the GDP. Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Oil prices and their effects on the total net exports If there is an increase in fuel prices, a country that exports manufactured goods may experience an increase in the production costs of the products that it exports. Therefore, the country may lower its productivity and export less of the products than before. Moreover, the country is forced to spend more money on importing the essential petroleum product than before. The two incidences would bring an imbalance on the total net exports and the country may have negative net exports. Conclusion Clearly, a rise in oil prices is an external shock that affects economies in one way or another. Economies that entirely depend on oil-energy for their production processes would suffer greatly if oil prices increased drastically. Sometimes the oil prices drop, but they have negligible effects on the GDP. Therefore, to reduce the effect of the increase in oil prices, companies should find ways of containing other costs and increasing the la bor productivity (Ravazzolo and Rothman 461). It is clear that oil is an essential product with an inelastic demand. Therefore, governments that do not reserve enough oil when the oil prices drop will continue suffering from the supply shocks. It would be advisable for governments to build oil reserves that would greatly help the nation during shortages and during shocks. Kilian, Lutz and Robert Vigfusson. Do Oil Prices Help Forecast U.S. Real GDP? The Role of Nonlinearities and Asymmetries. Journal of Business Economic Statistics 31.1 (2013): 78-93. Print. Kim, Dong. What Is An Oil Shock? Panel Data Evidence. Empirical Economics 43.1 (2012): 121-143. Print. Maeda, Akira. On the Oil Price-GDP Relationship. Japanese Economy 35.1 (2008): 99-127. Print. Pinno, Karl and Apostolos Serletis. Oil Price Uncertainty and Industrial Production. Energy Journal 34.3 (2013): 191-216. Print. Ravazzolo, Francesco and Philip Rothman. Oil and U.S. GDP: A Real-Time Out-Of-Sample Examination. Journal of Money, Credit Banking 45.3 (2013): 449-463. Print.

Russian Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Russian Economy - Essay Example However, as to how oil prices influenced Russia's GDP growth, measures have to be limited to indicators with the share of the oil industry in the overall GDP, specifically on the value added of the sector as measured by trade margins, and finally extrapolate on how these influenced the other sectors that make up Russia's GDP. Some manifestations of the Dutch disease, defined as the negative growth impact on domestic industries due to inflationary pressures on domestic spending brought by the high exchange rate of the Russian currency, have been observed in the 1990s. The ruble which traded on the average at about 540 rubles to the dollar in 2006, started to recover its value in 2004, reached just before 1998 when it traded 400 rubles to the dollar. In 1998, the ruble was devalued to 220 rubles to a dollar and economists observed that it influenced the high growth rates recorded in manufacturing industries, machinery, metallurgy, chemicals and textiles until 2001. The negative effects of the competitiveness of oil exports and the way it affected the ruble, has revealed the vulnerability of Russian industries which was just making its transition from being centrally planned and managed by the State to being market-led where the reflection of real prices and costs would have to take precedence. This vulnera bility has in a way roused Russian authorities to make the necessary changes in its macroeconomic policies - not just in the energy sector which for better or for worse, would take a big part in the economic future of the country, but also in the field of fiscal policy and public spending, to attract the necessary investments and uplift the standard of living of citizens that would boost consumer spending. GDP and oil prices One estimate of the actual contribution of the oil sector (which includes gas) was placed at a high of 18.9% in 2002, due to the sharp increase in oil prices and its volume of value added to exports. This is the largest increase since 1999 among the economic sectors. The value of total trade margins of oil and gas almost doubled by 2000 to 997.3 billion rubles from just 552.3 billion rubles in 1999. While it slowed by down to 942.7 billion rubles in 2001, trade margins of the sector again was up to 1.15 trillion rubles in 2002. However one comprehensive study on the influence of high oil prices on Russia's GDP growth by Shinichiro Tabata, analyzed the contribution of the oil and gas sector (under industry) included not just under goods production (manufacturing), but also under trade (already mentioned above in the analysis of trade margins) as well as under taxes (net taxes on products). He noted that during the period of the recovery from the financial crisis in 1998, the industrial sector's contribution which includes oil and gas, "was remarkable". The trade sector has become the largest contributor to Russia's GDP growth since 2002. Since some values on trade margins and taxes of oil and gas were not yet available for the years after 2002, the analysis of the contribution of oil and gas sectors would have to be confined only until the period of 2002. The total contribution of oil and gas to the growth of GDP grew from 0.3 in 1999 (when GDP grew by 6.3%) and hit a high of 2.2% in 2000 (when GDP was clocked at 10%). When